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Writer's pictureJon Ferguson

Coffee Flowering and Maturation Cycle of Coffee in Northern Peru

The flowering of coffee plants produces delicate, fragrant blooms that eventually give way to coffee cherries. The flowering last for approximately one to two weeks, and typically occur during the following months, with varying elevations in Northern Peru:

  • Lower elevations: up to 800 meters

    • July to September

  • Middle elevations: 800 to 1200 meters

    • August to October

  • Higher elevations: 1200 to 1800+ meters

    • September to November



Field Observations for 2023


According to field observations, flowering is still to come in July for lower elevations. The forecast for quality and volume production at these lower elevations will be average, as the plantations have been affected by a prolonged summer. For middle to higher elevations, quality and volume production of flowers on coffee plants are forecasted to be excellent in 2023, yet preparation is always a necessity to secure a good harvest.


The Delicate Coffee Blossom


While a high number of flowers can be a good sign of potential yield for the harvest to come, there are several other factors that play a role in determining the final yield of a coffee plant.


For example, the size and quality of the flowers, the rate of pollination and fruit set, the health of the plant, and environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, and sunlight exposure can all impact the final yield of a coffee plant. Additionally, even if a coffee plant produces many flowers, not all of them will necessarily develop into mature coffee cherries.


Coffee Flowering


Climate change can also have an impact on the seasonality of coffee plant flowering. Changes brought on by climate change can affect the timing and duration of the flowering process. In some regions, the shift in climate patterns has resulted in changes to the traditional growing seasons for coffee, leading to a shift in the timing of flowering.


For example, warmer temperatures in some areas can cause coffee plants to flower earlier in the year, while changes in rainfall patterns can affect the quality and quantity of blooms produced. These changes can have significant impacts on coffee production and the livelihoods of coffee farmers. In some regions, a shift in the flowering season can result in a mismatch between the timing of the flowering and the availability of pollinators, leading to reduced yields and lower-quality coffee.


Therefore, it is important for coffee farmers and the coffee industry to be aware of the potential impacts of climate change on coffee plant flowering and to take steps to adapt and mitigate these effects.


Proper fertilizer regimes can help coffee plants produce more healthy flowers. The type of fertilizer that is best for coffee plants will depend on the specific soil and environmental conditions, as well as the stage of the coffee plant's growth cycle.


For example, during the flowering stage, coffee plants benefit from an application of a balanced fertilizer that contains a mix of macronutrients, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), as well as micronutrients like magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe). Organic fertilizers, such as green manure, bio-fertilizers, and bone meal, can also be beneficial for coffee plants, providing a slow-release source of nutrients and improving the soil structure.


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